This panel examines how the energy transition is reshaping global politics, strategic competition, and patterns of international cooperation. Rather than viewing decarbonization as a purely environmental or technological process, it approaches the transition as a geopolitical transformation in which control over critical minerals, clean technology, supply chains, infrastructure, and regulatory frameworks has become increasingly central. The panel explores how states and regions respond to new forms of interdependence and vulnerability, how energy security concerns interact with climate goals, and how global governance arrangements are being reconfigured in the low-carbon era. Together, the contributions highlight that the energy transition is not leading to a post-geopolitical world, but instead generating new contests over influence, industrial leadership, and strategic autonomy across multiple scales.